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The Century 21 Comprehensive Guide to Tenant Screening

Juan Martinez • August 3, 2021
smiling man and woman shaking realtor's hand

Screening tenants is the single most important decision-making process that a landlord will tackle. The right tenant will stay for year, taking care of the home and even making minor improvements. The wrong tenant might put your property (and your peace of mind) at risk. Of course, choosing that 'right tenant' is a touch process of comparison, fact-checking, and ultimately trusting your gut to choose between the finalists who pass all the necessary qualifications.

 

Fortunately, the process of tenant screening has been honed to a fine edge by the rental real estate industry over the last few centuries of investment property management. We have many decades of data on what makes a good tenant, warning signs for bad tenants, and how to fairly choose between good applicants. Not sure where to get started? Don't worry. This article can help you as a comprehensive guide to tenant screening step-by-step.

 

The 6-Step Tenant Screening Method

  1. Define Your Screening Standards
  2. Advertise & Accept Applications
  3. Compare the Basic Data (and Fact-Check)
  4. Run the Background Checks
  5. Interview Finalist Tenants
  6. Choosing a New Tenant from Good Applicants


Define Your Tenant Screening Standards

The first step is to define what makes a good tenant for your property. In the rental industry, you have several reliable "rules of thumb' to work by. It is now statistically known that a good tenant makes three-times rent in household income, has a clean rental history, a fair credit score, and no recent criminal activity. You may also want to define whether you accept pets and determine the legal occupancy limit (maximum safe residents) for each rental home.


  • Minimum Income (3x Rent)
  • Or a Co-Signer
  • No Evictions
  • Or Evictions Long-Past
  • Good References from Previous Landlords
  • Acceptable Credit Check
  • Clean Background Check
  • Pet Ownership: Yes or No
  • Occupancy Limit


Off-Limits Criteria

The Fair Housing Equal Opportunity Act prevents landlords from making tenant decisions based on a few protected criteria. These laws are understandably in place to prevent both intentional and accidental housing bias and discrimination. Be sure you don't accidentally base your decision on any of these criteria:


  • Age, Gender, Culture, Ethnicity, Religion, and Orientation
  • Disability Status
  • Occupation
  • Family Structure and Family Members
  • Differing Standards between Applicants

 

Advertise and Accept Tenant Applications

Now that you know what you will accept as a good tenant, it's time to advertise. In addition to a vibrant rental home listing, it also helps to clearly let applicants know (in the listing description) what standards you require in terms of income, pet ownership, and so on.


Make Application Entry Accessible

Ensure that filling out and submitting an application is accessible. Accept applications through online forums and public platforms, or via email with clear instructions on how to send in the application along with any fees you may require. 


Bonus: Be careful about application fees. There is some controversy about charging the cost of the background check and application fees have been used as a loophole. Depending on your state laws, don't get caught in an accidental sweep of landlords charging the wrong fees.


Consider All Applications Equally

Never discard an application before it has been fully and fairly considered. You must have a legitimate non-discriminatory reason to reject any rental application. Your only discretion here is your choice between two or more fully qualified applicants.


Application Batches or Individual Assessment

It's your choice whether you want to set an application deadline and assess all applications at that point or process applicants one at a time and accept the first tenant who fits all your criteria.

 

Assess Applications for Basic Data

Once you begin assessing applications, start with the basic data. You can often identify viable vs non-viable applications based on the information entered before you pay for the full set of background checks.


Income

Check the combined income of adult applicants in the house. If two spouses together or two roommates, for example, reach three-times-rent, then they meet your income requirement. If there is one under-income adult, reach out and ask if there are other adults who should submit roommate applications to fill out the income expectation.


If an applicant and their household do not meet income requirements, you are safe to reject that application.


Bonus: Be sure to call or otherwise confirm employment before accepting the written-down income amount as true. Typos and the occasional hopeful-renter deception occur with some frequency.


Occupancy

While you may not screen based on family structure or family members, you can determine if a family meets or exceeds maximum occupancy. You can ask how many people will be living in the house and, if the answer is beyond safety code occupancy, politely let your applicants know they (legally!) need a bigger house. Likewise, now is when you discover if there are pets, whether or not that is something you allow.


Enthusiasm

Landlords often favor tenants who write enthusiastic notes and cover letters about living in the house. Why? Because you want a tenant who loves the house and wants to take care of it. 

 

Start Running the Checks

For every applicant who passes the initial data assessment, it's time to start running checks. There is often a small fee associated with these checks ($10 to $80 depending on the region and depth of the checks). Most landlords are prepared to cover this cost as part of normal turnover costs. In some states, it is still legal to charge your applicants a background-check fee, but only for exactly the amount of the background check.


Rental Background Check

A rental background check is simple: It checks for past evictions and any real-estate related legal actions. Most tenants will come out clean on this check, but be prepared to reject anyone with an eviction in the last 5-10 years. Older evictions can often be chalked up to the follies of youth, no longer a concern.


Credit Check

A credit check can tell you how financially stable your applicants may be. Many landlords require a minimum credit score, but are understanding when a credit score is mainly lowered by unavoidable expenses like medical debt. Look for tenants with a history of responsible bill and loan payment, as they are also more likely to pay their rent responsibly as well.


Criminal Background Check

A criminal background check (usually state-by-state) can tell you if an applicant is potentially dangerous or has a checkered past. Older non-violent and misdemeanor crimes are not disqualifiers, but you may use these details to favor applicants with a clean criminal record if you choose. 

 

Live or Video Applicant Interviews

The background check results should leave you only with your applicant finalists - those who meet all your qualifications and do not have any serious negative marks on their rental, credit, or criminal histories. From here, it's time for the interview phase. Now is your chance to meet your applicants face-to-face to help you decide who is the best fit for your rental home.


Schedule a live meeting to tour the house or a video meeting for just a face-to-face chat. Talk with and get to know your applicants while avoiding any tricky questions about protected status. Assess how grounded they seem and how enthusiastic they are about the house. This final interview process can help you choose the person or family who will most appreciate the house and who seems the most stable and responsible of your fully qualified applicants.

 

The Benefits of Property Management Tenant Screening

If all this sounds like a huge ordeal, you're not alone in your thinking. Many landlords and investment homeowners choose to do their tenant screening through a property management team instead. A property management team often has a rock-solid screening process and business-class access to background check resources for a lower cost and often faster results than DIY ordering checks for each individual applicant. You can rely on property managers to know what makes a good tenant and to never slip up on the industry regulations of fair housing and professional treatment of your applicants.


Ready to start screening tenants? Contact us today to discuss how property management tenant screening can streamline your turnover process and fine a great new tenant in an efficiently short period between renters.

Blog

November 26, 2024
A lot of people think property managers just sit back, relax, wait for the phone to ring, collect rent, and that's it. My name is Jorge Rodriguez, president of Americana Property Management in Las Vegas, and I want to show you what really goes on behind the scenes in property management. Should You Hire a Property Manager? Whether you own one property or twenty, there comes a point when managing everything yourself becomes overwhelming. At Americana Property Management, we typically help owners who: Own multiple rental properties and can't keep up with all the demands Live far from their Las Vegas investments Want their rental income to be truly passive Don't want to deal with hiring maintenance staff and contractors Can afford to invest 8-12% of their rental income into professional management The cost of property management isn't just an expense - it's an investment in protecting your property and maximizing its value. Let me show you exactly what I mean. How We Protect Your Investment A lot of owners don't realize how much liability they take on when they self-manage. At Americana, we: Stay current with all landlord-tenant laws Use legally-sound lease agreements that protect your interests Handle evictions professionally when needed Document everything to protect you from false claims Maintain detailed records of all income and expenses Take care of tax documentation Most importantly, we act as a buffer between you and your tenants. When there's a challenging situation - like late rent or lease violations - we handle it professionally so you don't have to be the "bad guy." How We Find Qualified Tenants The number one thing is making sure we find a qualified applicant for your home. At Americana Property Management, we market homes on over 50 websites, including: Zillow Trulia Realtor.com Apartments.com We also list properties on the MLS and work with other realtors to show our homes. We've found that applications from realtors tend to be better because the realtor pre-qualifies them before showing homes. Our Tenant Screening Process When we receive applications, we put them through a very strict verification process: Background checks Credit checks Rental history verification Employment verification Reference calls We want to make sure the person we're putting inside your home is going to pay rent on time and take care of the property. This verification process is vital to successfully managing your property. Once we complete the verification process, we always reach out to the owner with our findings and get their final approval before moving forward. The Move-In Process Setting Up the Lease We draft up a landlord-friendly lease agreement that protects everyone involved - the owner, the property management company, and the tenant. This gives us a legal binding contract that we all must abide by, preventing any misunderstandings in the future. Move-In Orientation Other property management companies might call this a move-in inspection, but we take it a little further. We: Document the condition of the home with pictures Demonstrate how the home functions, including: Where to shut off water if there's a leak How to reset breakers How to reset a GFCI How to relight a water heater How to change filters How to change batteries in smoke detectors and thermostats Ninety-five percent of work orders are very small and something the tenant can take care of. By showing them how during the move-in orientation, we save our owners money on unnecessary maintenance calls. How We Handle Day-to-Day Property Management Rent Collection We make sure rent is collected by the first of the month. Tenants have until the third to pay with no late fee - that's their grace period. On the fourth, they're charged a 5% late fee. If a tenant still doesn't pay rent, we start serving legal notices and ensure we follow through on our collection efforts. Maintenance and Repairs Tenants can submit work orders through our online portal - the same place they make rent payments. When we receive a work order: We inform the owner We dispatch our vendor to diagnose and repair the issue If the cost exceeds our approval limit, we contact the owner so we can make the right decision together Our vendors provide us discounts because of the volume of work we give them. These savings get passed on to our owners - you're getting highly qualified vendors for less than what you'd pay finding someone through Google. Working with Home Warranty Companies If you have a home warranty, we handle everything: Filing the claim Coordinating with the tenant Making sure the vendor goes out Following up to ensure everything is working properly HOA Violations If your property receives an HOA violation: For tenant-caused issues: We contact the tenant and ensure they fix the violation For owner responsibilities: We communicate with you, get bids if needed, and help choose the right vendor to resolve the issue How We Save You Money with Our Vendor Network One of the biggest advantages of working with a professional property manager is our vendor relationships. At Americana Property Management: We have trusted vendors for every type of repair and maintenance Our vendors give us significant discounts because of our volume We only work with licensed, insured professionals We know which vendors do quality work at fair prices We handle all vendor coordination and payment Think about it: When you search for a plumber on Google, you're paying retail prices and taking a chance on quality. Our vendors know they'll get consistent work from us, so they give us better rates - and those savings get passed directly to you. How We Keep You Informed We believe in complete transparency with our owners. Through our online portal, you can: See real-time updates on rent collection Review maintenance requests and approvals Access monthly financial statements Track property performance View all property-related documents Every month, you'll know exactly: How much rent was collected What maintenance was performed Any upcoming expenses or needs Your property's bottom line We take care of your property like it's our own, and we make sure you always know what's happening with your investment. The Lease Renewal Process We start the renewal process 90 days before the lease expires. During this time we: Compare similar properties to see if a rent increase (usually 3-5%) is justified Inspect the property to ensure it's being properly maintained Review the tenant's payment history We take all these factors into consideration before offering a renewal, and we always get your blessing before moving forward. Most of our initial leases are for one year. This gives us flexibility - if a tenant isn't paying on time or taking care of the home, we can give them a 30-day notice to vacate instead of renewing. However, when we do find good tenants, they tend to stay in our properties between 3 to 5 years. We really try to find long-term tenants so you can make consistent income from your investment. Looking for Property Management?  Our main focus is making sure your interests are taken care of. You collect a nice check every month, and we handle all the headaches. If you have any questions about how we can help manage your property, you can reach us at 702-719-2100 or email us at pm@americanapm.com.
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